8 POKEV+33,1:Q$=CHR$(34):VT$="":DIMVT$(25)
9 FORI=.TO25:VT$(I)=LEFT$(VT$,I+1):NEXT:VT$=""
10 R=53265:C=128:V=53248:S=V+1024:LI=52016:WI=51200:CL=51203:SU=51206:SD=51209
12 POKES+23,.:POKES+4,128
15 GOSUB1000:PRINT"   [215]ELCOME TO THIS THIRD INSTALLMENT"
16 PRINT"OF [204]OADSTAR'S [195][207][205][193][204][160]0.14 [212]UTORIAL.  [201]N
17 [153]"THE FIRST INSTALLMENT, YOU ENTERED AND
18 PRINT"RAN A SHORT [195][207][205][193][204][160]PROGRAM TO CONVERT
19 [153]"DEGREES ASCARENHEIT INTO DEGREES LENELSIUS
20 PRINT"AND IN THE SECOND YOU LEARNED HOW IT
21 [153]"WORKED.  (null)OW, WE WILL LEARN SOME NEW
22 PRINT"[195][207][205][193][204][160]COMMANDS THAT WILL LET US STORE"
23 PRINT"OUR PROGRAMS ONTO OUR DISK DRIVES AND"
24 PRINT"RECALL THEM BACK INTO OUR [195]64'S "
25 PRINT"MEMORY.":S%=-1:GOSUB1200
26 PRINT"   [215]E WANT TO MAKE SURE OUR PROGRAM IS
27 [153]"JUST AS WE LEFT IT.  (null)RIGHT$(null)(null)CLOSETHE PROGRAM
28 PRINT"TO BE SURE IT IS STILL THERE:
30 [141]1160:[141]1300:X%[178].:Y%[178]16:A$[178]"(null)RIGHT$(null)(null)":[141]1600
31 [139]E[167]A$[178][202](A$,E):E[178].:[141]1605:[137]31
32 X%[178]4:Y%[178]16:[141]1500:[139]K$[179][177][199](13)[167]32
33 [153]:[153]"0010 RIGHT$(null)(null)(null)(null) "Q$"STR$VALCHR$(null)VALVAL(null) ASC? "Q$": ASCATN(null)VAL(null)LEFT$VALRIGHT$(null)
34 PRINT"0020 [195][197][204][211][201][213][211]:=([198][193][210][197][206][200][197][201][212]-32)*(5/9)
35 [153]"0030 (null)(null)RIGHT$(null)(null) ASCATN(null)VAL(null)LEFT$VALRIGHT$(null);"Q$"ASC ="Q$";LENVAL(null)(null)RIGHT$(null)(null);"Q$"LEN"Q$"":[141]1035
36 [141]1150:[153]"STOP   (null)EP, STILL THERE!  MID$UST FOR "
37 [153]"PRACTICE, (null)(null)(null)CLOSETHE PROGRAM AND FIND OUT"
38 [153]"HOW MANY DEGREES LENELSIUS 100 DEGREES "
39 [153]"ASCARENHEIT CONVERTS INTO:
40 GOSUB1160:X%=.:Y%=21:A$="[210][213][206]":GOSUB1600
41 IFETHENA$=MID$(A$,E):E=.:GOSUB1605:GOTO41
42 X%=3:Y%=21:GOSUB1500:IFK$<>CHR$(13)THEN42
43 PRINT:PRINT"[196][197][199][210][197][197][211] [198]? ";:
45 X%=11:Y%=22:A$="100":GOSUB1600
46 IFETHENA$=MID$(A$,E):E=.:GOSUB1605:GOTO46
47 X%=14:Y%=22
48 GOSUB1500:IFK$<>CHR$(13)THEN48
49 PRINT:PRINT"100 [198] = 37.7777778 [195]":GOSUB1700:PRINT"[197][206][196][160][193][212][160]0030";:GOSUB1700:GOSUB1700
50 GOSUB1035:GOSUB1150:PRINT"[144][146]   [217]EP!  [201]T'S BEEN GETTING AROUND
51 [153]"37.7777778 LEN DOWN HERE IN (null)OUSIANA.":[141]1205
55 [153]"   (null)OW RIGHT$'M SURE YOU HAVE TURNED YOUR
56 PRINT"COMPUTER OFF A TIME OR TWO SINCE WE
57 [153]"'WROTE' THIS PROGRAM 2 MONTHS AGO!  RIGHT$N
58 PRINT"REAL LIFE, OUR PROGRAM WOULD BE GONE
59 [153]"SINCE TURNING OFF THE COMPUTER ERASES
60 PRINT"IT'S MEMORY!
61 [153]"   (null)E NEED A WAY TO KEEP OUR PROGRAMS,
62 PRINT"EVEN WHEN WE TURN OUR COMPUTER OFF.
63 [153]"(null)HAT, OF COURSE, IS WHY YOU SPENT A
64 PRINT"COUPLE OF HUNDRED DOLLARS OR SO ON
65 [153]"THAT DISK DRIVE YOU'VE GOT!":[141]1200
70 :
71 :
72 :
73 :
74 :
75 :
76 :
77 :
78 :
79 :
80 [153]"   ASCIRST OFF, YOU NEED TO KNOW A FEW
81 PRINT"THINGS.  [193] SINGLE FLOPPY DISK CAN HOLD
82 [153]"144 'FILES' OR 168,656 'BYTES' OF "
83 [153]"DATA, WHICHEVER COMES FIRST.  ATN 'BYTE'
84 PRINT"IS EQUIVALENT TO A CHARACTER:  I.E. A
85 [153]"LETTER, DIGIT, SYMBOL, ETC.  ATN 'FILE'
86 PRINT"IS A SET OF BYTES GROUPED TOGETHER AND
87 [153]"GIVEN A NAME.  ATN FILE CAN BE A PEEKATN(null)RIGHT$LEN,
88 PRINT"[195][207][205][193][204][160]OR [205]ACHINE [204]ANGUAGE PROGRAM, OR
89 [153]"A GRAPHICS PICTURE, A SET OF SPRITE
90 PRINT"SHAPES, A LIST OF NAMES AND PHONE "
91 PRINT"NUMBERS, OR ANY OTHER SET OF DATA.":GOSUB1200
95 PRINT"   [194]EFORE A DISK CAN BE USED TO HOLD
96 [153]"FILES, IT MUST BE 'FORMATTED'.  (null)HIS
97 PRINT"USUALLY ONLY NEEDS TO BE DONE ONCE.
98 [153]"ATNMONG OTHER THINGS, THE FORMATTING
99 PRINT"PROCESS GIVES THE DISK A 'NAME' AND AN
100 [153]"'RIGHT$.STR$.'.  (null)HE RIGHT$.STR$. IS TWO CHARACTERS,
101 PRINT"CANNOT CONTAIN A ,[146] OR =[146], AND MUST
102 [153]"BE DIFFERENT FOR EACH DISK YOU OWN.
103 PRINT"[212]HE DISK NAME (AND FILE NAMES, TOO)
104 [153]"MAY BE UP TO 16 CHARACTERS LONG WITH
105 PRINT"NO ,[146], =[146], ?[146], OR *[146], AND MAY NOT
106 [153]"BEGIN WITH A #WAIT OR A $WAIT!":[141]1200
110 [153]"   ASCORMATTING A DISK IS ACCOMPLISHED
111 PRINT"BY THE DISK DRIVE ITSELF, NOT THE [195]64!
112 [153]"RIGHT$N OTHER WORDS, YOU SIMPLY (null)ATN(null)(null) A "
113 [153]"COMMAND TO THE DISK DRIVE, AND IT DOES
114 PRINT"THE WORK!  [201]N [194][193][211][201][195], THIS IS A TEDIOUS
115 [153]"AND INVOLVED PROCESS.  RIGHT$N LEN(null)(null)ATN(null), THE
116 PRINT"[208][193][211][211] STATEMENT MAKES IT EASY!  [202]UST
117 [153]"THINK OF (null)ATN(null)(null) AS A (null)(null)RIGHT$(null)(null) TO THE DISK
118 PRINT"DRIVE'S 'COMMAND CHANNEL'.  [193]NY DISK
119 [153]"DRIVE COMMAND CAN BE (null)ATN(null)(null)ED!
120 :
121 GOSUB1200
125 PRINT"   [217]OUR DISK DRIVE'S MANUAL TELLS YOU
126 [153]"THAT TO FORMAT A DISK, THE 'COMMAND
127 PRINT"CHANNEL' MUST BE GIVEN A [206][197][215] COMMAND.
128 [153]"(null)IKE ALL DISK DRIVE 'COMMAND CHANNEL'
129 PRINT"COMMANDS, THIS ONE BEGINS WITH A "
130 PRINT"SINGLE LETTER (IN THIS CASE, [206] FOR"
131 PRINT"[206][197][215]), FOLLOWED BY AN OPTIONAL DRIVE"
132 PRINT"NUMBER (EITHER NONE OR 0 UNLESS YOU"
133 PRINT"HAVE A DUAL-DRIVE UNIT), PLUS A :[146],"
134 PRINT"FOLLOWED BY PARAMETERS.  [212]HE "
135 PRINT"PARAMETERS FOR THE [206][197][215] COMMAND ARE"
136 PRINT"THE [206][193][205][197] AND [201][196] FOR THE NEW DISK.":GOSUB1200
140 PRINT"   [211]O, A [206][197][215][160]COMMAND TO GIVE OUR DISK
141 [153]"THE NAME 'LEN(null)(null)ATN(null)CLOSE(null)(null)(null)CHR$(null)ATN(null)(null)#1' AND AN RIGHT$STR$"
142 [153]"OF 'LEN1', WOULD BE:"
143 [153]"   '(null)0:LEN(null)(null)ATN(null)CLOSE(null)(null)(null)CHR$(null)ATN(null)(null)#1,LEN1'.
144 :
145 :
146 :
147 :
148 PRINT"   [211]O HOW DO WE GET THIS COMMAND TO
149 [153]"THE DISK DRIVE'S 'COMMAND CHANNEL'?
150 PRINT"[215]ITH [195][207][205][193][204]'S [208][193][211][211] STATEMENT!":GOSUB1200
155 PRINT"   [215]E SIMPLY TYPE '[208][193][211][211]', FOLLOWED BY
156 [153]"THE COMMAND ENCLOSED WITHIN DOUBLE-
157 PRINT"QUOTES.  [206]OW TYPE:"
158 PRINT"   [208][193][211][211] "Q$"[206]0:[195][207][205][193][204][160][208][210][207][199][210][193][205][211]#1,[195]1"Q$"
159 [153]" (STR$ON'T WORRY..WE'RE (null)(null)(null) GOING TO ":[153]"         (null)VAL(null)CLOSEYOUR DISK!)
160 GOSUB1160:GOSUB1300:X%=.:Y%=24:A$="[208][193][211][211] "+Q$+"[206]0:[195][207][205][193][204] [208][210][207][199][210][193][205][211]#1,[195]1"+Q$:GOSUB1600
161 IFETHENA$=MID$(A$,E):E=.:GOSUB1605:GOTO161
162 X%=29:Y%=24:GOSUB1500:IFK$<>CHR$(13)THEN162
163 GOSUB1700:GOSUB1700
165 GOSUB1035:GOSUB1150:GOSUB1220:PRINT"[144][146][196]ONE!  [206]OW CHECK STATUS BY TYPING:"
166 PRINT"   [211][212][193][212][213][211]
170 [141]1160:X%[178].:Y%[178]24:A$[178]"(null)(null)ATN(null)(null)(null)":[141]1600
171 [139]E[167]A$[178][202](A$,E):E[178].:[141]1605:[137]171
172 X%[178]6:Y%[178]24:[141]1500:[139]K$[179][177][199](13)[167]172
173 [141]1700:[153]"00, (null)(null),00,00";:[141]1700:[141]1700
175 [141]1035:[141]1150:[153]"STOPWAIT(null)URE LOOKS '(null)(null)' TO ME!":[141]1205
180 [153]"   ATNFTER FORMATTING A DISK, WE NEED"
181 [153]"NOT DO SO AGAIN.  (null)E CAN SAVE UP TO"
182 [153]"144 PROGRAMS ON IT!"
183 :
184 [153]"   (null)O SAVE THE CURRENT LEN(null)(null)ATN(null) PROGRAM
185 PRINT"IN MEMORY AS A DISK FILE, USE [195][207][205][193][204]'S
186 [153]"'(null)ATN(null)VAL' COMMAND.  (null)E SIMPLY TYPE '(null)ATN(null)VAL'
187 PRINT"FOLLOWED BY OUR DESIRED FILE NAME "
188 PRINT"ENCLOSED IN DOUBLE-QUOTES!  [210]EMEMBER,"
189 PRINT"A FILE NAME, LIKE A DISK NAME, MAY BE"
190 PRINT"UP TO 16 CHARACTERS LONG.":GOSUB1200
195 PRINT"   [211]INCE FILE NAMES MAY NOT CONTAIN"
196 PRINT"A ,[146], =[146], ?[146], OR *[146], AND MAY NOT"
197 PRINT"BEGIN WITH A #[146] OR $[146], LET'S CALL"
198 PRINT"OUR PROGRAM '[195].[195][197][204][211][201][213][211] #1'.  [212]O SAVE"
199 PRINT"IT UNDER OUR CHOSEN NAME, TYPE:"
200 PRINT"   [211][193][214][197] "Q$"[195].[195][197][204][211][201][213][211] #1"Q$"
205 [141]1160:[141]1300:X%[178].:Y%[178]24:A$[178]"(null)ATN(null)VAL "[170]Q$[170]"LEN.LENVAL(null)(null)RIGHT$(null)(null) #1"[170]Q$:[141]1600
206 [139]E[167]A$[178][202](A$,E):E[178].:[141]1605:[137]206
207 X%[178]19:Y%[178]24:[141]1500:[139]K$[179][177][199](13)[167]207
208 [141]1700:[141]1700:[159]8,8,8,"C.CELSIUS #1,P,W"
209 [135]D%:[139]D%[177][178]0[167][152]8,[199](D%);:[137]209
210 [160]8:[141]1035:[141]1150:[153]"WAITSTOP   (null)HERE!  (null)OW THAT OUR PROGRAM HAS
211 PRINT"BEEN PLACED SAFELY ON OUR DISK, LET'S
212 [153]"CLEAR OUT LEN(null)(null)ATN(null)'S PROGRAM MEMORY (I.E.
213 PRINT"ERASE OUR PROGRAM FROM MEMORY).":GOSUB1205
215 PRINT"   [212]O DO THIS, WE NEED TO USE [195][207][205][193][204]'S
216 [153]"'(null)VAL(null)' COMMAND (NOT TO BE CONFUSED WITH
217 PRINT"THE DISK DRIVE'S '[206][197][215]').  [212]HE [195][207][205][193][204]
218 [153]"'(null)VAL(null)' COMMAND ERASES THE PROGRAM IN":[153]"MEMORY.  RIGHT$T DOES (null)(null)(null)";
219 [153]"AFFECT THE DISKDRIVE.":[153]"   ATNFTER A '(null)VAL(null)',";
220 [153]"THERE IS NO LEN(null)(null)ATN(null)":[153]"PROGRAM IN MEMORY.
221 PRINT"[204]ET'S TRY IT.  [212]YPE:
222 [153]"   (null)VAL(null)"
225 [141]1160:[141]1300:X%[178].:Y%[178]24:A$[178]"(null)VAL(null)":[141]1600
226 [139]E[167]A$[178][202](A$,E):E[178].:[141]1605:[137]226
227 X%[178]3:Y%[178]24:[141]1500:[139]K$[179][177][199](13)[167]227
228 [141]1700:[141]1700:[141]1035:[141]1150:[158]WI
229 [153]"STOPWAIT(null)KAY, PROGRAM MEMORY IS NOW CLEARED."
230 [153]"(null)ET'S BE SURE.  (null)RY THE (null)RIGHT$(null)(null) COMMAND:"
231 :
235 [141]1160:[141]1300:X%[178].:Y%[178]24:A$[178]"(null)RIGHT$(null)(null)":[141]1600
236 [139]E[167]A$[178][202](A$,E):E[178].:[141]1605:[137]236
237 X%[178]4:Y%[178]24:[141]1500:[139]K$[179][177][199](13)[167]237
238 [141]1700:[141]1700:[141]1035:[141]1150
240 [153]"STOPWAIT   LEFT$MMM... NOT MUCH THERE, IS THERE?
241 PRINT"[206]OW TRY TO [210][213][206][160]OUR PROGRAM:
245 [141]1160:X%[178].:Y%[178]24:A$[178]"(null)(null)(null)":[141]1600
246 [139]E[167]A$[178][202](A$,E):E[178].:[141]1605:[137]246
247 X%[178]3:Y%[178]24:[141]1500:[139]K$[179][177][199](13)[167]247
248 [141]1700:[141]1700:[141]1035:[141]1150
250 [153]"STOPWAIT   (null)TILL NOTHING!  RIGHT$ GUESS OUR PROGRAM
251 PRINT"IS GONE FOREVER!
252 [153]"   STR$ON'T PANIC!  (null)HERE IS (null)(null)RIGHT$(null)(null) OUR
253 PRINT"TRUSTY LITTLE DISK DRIVE.  [194]UT HOW DO
254 [153]"WE GET A PROGRAM FROM IT INTO LEN(null)(null)ATN(null)?":[141]1205
255 [153]"   ASCIRST, LET'S CHECK THE CONTENTS OF
256 PRINT"THE DISK.  [197]ACH DISK HAS A LIST OF THE
257 [153]"FILES THAT ARE ON IT, WHICH IT KEEPS
258 PRINT"IN A SPECIAL PART OF THE DISK CALLED
259 [153]"THE 'CATALOG' (OR 'DIRECTORY').  (null)O
260 PRINT"SEE IT, USE THE '[195][193][212]' COMMAND:
261 [141]1160:[141]1300:X%[178].:Y%[178]24:A$[178]"LENATN(null)":[141]1600
262 [139]E[167]A$[178][202](A$,E):E[178].:[141]1605:[137]262
263 X%[178]3:Y%[178]24:[141]1500:[139]K$[179][177][199](13)[167]263
264 [159]15,8,15:[159]8,8,8,"#":[152]15,"U1:8 0 18 0":[141]1700:[153]"ON
265 PRINT" 0 [146]"Q$"[195][207][205][193][204][160][208][210][207][199][210][193][205][211]#1"Q$" [195]1 2[193]";:GOSUB1700:PRINT"[145]
266 [152]15,"UA:8 0 18 1"
267 [153]" 1    "Q$"LEN.LENVAL(null)(null)RIGHT$(null)(null)CLOSE#1"Q$"     (null)(null)CHR$";:[141]1700:[153]"ON
268 PRINT" 663 BLOCKS FREE.";:GOSUB1700:GOSUB1700
269 CLOSE8:CLOSE15:GOSUB1035:GOSUB1150
271 PRINT"[144][146]   [212]HE TOP LINE (IN [210][197][214][197][210][211][197][146]) TELLS US
272 [153]"THAT THE CATALOG IS FROM THE DISK IN
273 PRINT"DRIVE #0 (THE 1541 ONLY HAS 1 DRIVE!),
274 [153]"CALLED 'LEN(null)(null)ATN(null)CLOSE(null)(null)(null)CHR$(null)ATN(null)(null)#1' WITH AN RIGHT$STR$
275 PRINT"OF '[195]1'.  [211]OUND FAMILIAR?":GOSUB1205
276 PRINT"   [196]ON'T WORRY ABOUT THE '2[193]'.  [201]T
277 [153]"SIMPLY MEANS THAT THE DISK IS IN 1541-
278 PRINT"COMPATIBLE FORMAT.  [212]HE NEXT LINE IS
279 [153]"EVEN MORE INTERESTING!  RIGHT$T TELLS US WE
280 PRINT"HAVE A 1 'BLOCK' FILE BY THE NAME OF
281 [153]"'LEN.LENVAL(null)(null)RIGHT$(null)(null)CLOSE#1',  AND THAT SAID FILE IS
282 PRINT"A [208][210]O[199]RAM!  [206]OW YOU KNOW WHY [201] HAD US
283 [153]"START OUR FILE NAME WITH 'LEN.'.  (null)HERE
284 PRINT"IS NO WAY TO TELL FROM THE CATALOG "
285 PRINT"ALONE WHETHER A [208][210][199] IS [194][193][211][201][195], MACHINE-
286 [153]"LANGUAGE OR LEN(null)(null)ATN(null)!":[141]1200
290 [153]"   (null)HE LAST LINE TELLS US THAT WE
291 PRINT"STILL HAVE 663 'BLOCKS' LEFT ON THE
292 [153]"DISK.  ATN 'BLOCK'CLOSEIS SIMPLY THE "
293 [153]"SMALLEST 'CHUNK' OF SPACE THAT CAN BE"
294 [153]"ALLOCATED BY THE DISK DRIVE.  ATN BLOCK
295 PRINT"HOLDS JUST OVER 250 BYTES.  [207]UR "
296 PRINT"PROGRAM, BEING QUITE SMALL, TOOK UP"
297 PRINT"ONLY ONE BLOCK!
298 [153]"   (null)KAY, WE KNOW OUR PROGRAM IS ON THE
299 PRINT"DISK.  [200]OW DO WE LOAD IT BACK INTO THE
300 [153]"64'S MEMORY?  (null)ITH THE '(null)(null)ATNSTR$' COMMAND!":[141]1200
301 [153]"   LEN(null)(null)ATN(null)'S '(null)(null)ATNSTR$' COMMAND IS SIMILAR
302 PRINT"TO THE RELATED [211][193][214][197] COMMAND.  [207]NE "
303 PRINT"SIMPLY TYPES '[204][207][193][196]' FOLLOWED BY THE "
304 PRINT"FILE NAME OF THE PROGRAM TO [204][207][193][196] "
305 PRINT"ENCLOSED IN DOUBLE-QUOTES.  [217]OU TRY"
306 PRINT"IT.  [212]YPE:
307 [153]"   (null)(null)ATNSTR$ "Q$"LEN.LENVAL(null)(null)RIGHT$(null)(null) #1"Q$"
310 GOSUB1160:GOSUB1300:X%=.:Y%=24:A$="[204][207][193][196] "+Q$+"[195].[195][197][204][211][201][213][211] #1"+Q$:GOSUB1600
311 IFETHENA$=MID$(A$,E):E=.:GOSUB1605:GOTO311
312 X%=19:Y%=24:GOSUB1500:IFK$<>CHR$(13)THEN312
313 GOSUB1700:GOSUB1700:OPEN8,8,.,"C.CELSIUS #1"
314 GET#8,A$:IFST=.THEN314
315 CLOSE8:GOSUB1035:GOSUB1150:PRINT"[144][146][199]OOD!  [206]OW [204][201][211][212][160]IT:
320 [141]1160:X%[178].:Y%[178]24:A$[178]"(null)RIGHT$(null)(null)":[141]1600
321 [139]E[167]A$[178][202](A$,E):E[178].:[141]1605:[137]321
322 X%[178]4:Y%[178]24:[141]1500:[139]K$[179][177][199](13)[167]322
323 [141]1700:[153]"0010 RIGHT$(null)(null)(null)(null) "Q$"STR$VALCHR$(null)VALVAL(null) ASC? "Q$": ASCATN(null)VAL(null)LEFT$VALRIGHT$(null)";:[141]1700:[153]"ON
324 PRINT"0020 [195][197][204][211][201][213][211]:=([198][193][210][197][206][200][197][201][212]-32)*(5/9)";:GOSUB1700:PRINT"[145]
325 [153]"0030 (null)(null)RIGHT$(null)(null) ASCATN(null)VAL(null)LEFT$VALRIGHT$(null);"Q$"ASC ="Q$";LENVAL(null)(null)RIGHT$(null)(null);"Q$"LEN"Q$;:[141]1700:[141]1700
326 [141]1035:[141]1150:[153]"STOPWAIT(null)EEMS TO BE ALL THERE!":[141]1205
330 [153]"   (null)(null)(null) IT ONCE TO MAKE SURE.  LEFT$AVE IT
331 PRINT"CONVERT 32 DEGREES [198]ARENHEIT TO "
332 PRINT"DEGREES [195]ELSIUS:"
335 GOSUB1160:GOSUB1300:X%=.:Y%=24:A$="[210][213][206]":GOSUB1600
336 IFETHENA$=MID$(A$,E):E=.:GOSUB1605:GOTO336
337 X%=3:Y%=24:GOSUB1500:IFK$<>CHR$(13)THEN337
338 GOSUB1700:PRINT"[145]":PRINT"[196][197][199][210][197][197][211] [198]? ";:
339 X%=11:Y%=24:A$="32":GOSUB1600
340 IFETHENA$=MID$(A$,E):E=.:GOSUB1605:GOTO340
341 X%=13:Y%=24
342 GOSUB1500:IFK$<>CHR$(13)THEN342
343 GOSUB1700:PRINT"32 [198] = 0 [195][145]";:GOSUB1700
344 GOSUB1700:PRINT"[197][206][196][160][193][212][160]0030";:GOSUB1700:GOSUB1700
345 GOSUB1035:GOSUB1150:PRINT"[144][146][211]O WATER FREEZES AT 0 [195] (32 [198])!
346 [153]"   (null)E HAVE LEARNED QUITE A LOT OF VERY
347 PRINT"IMPORTANT STUFF TODAY!
348 [153]"   1.  LEFT$OW TO (null)ATN(null)(null) A (null)VAL(null) COMMAND TO
349 PRINT"DISK DRIVE IN ORDER TO FORMAT A [206][197][215]
350 [153]"DISK, GIVING IT A NAME AND RIGHT$STR$.":[141]1205
351 [153]"   2.  LEFT$OW TO (null)ATN(null)VAL A LEN(null)(null)ATN(null) PROGRAM TO
352 PRINT"THE DISK A FILE, BY FILE NAME.
354 [153]"   3.  LEFT$OW TO CLEAR OUT LEN(null)(null)ATN(null) MEMORY,
355 PRINT"IN PREPARATION FOR TYPING IN A '[206][197][215]'
356 [153]"PROGRAM.
357 PRINT"   4.  [200]OW TO DISPLAY AND UNDERSTAND
358 [153]"THE LENATN(null)ALOG OF A DISK.
359 PRINT"   5.  [200]OW TO [204][207][193][196] A PREVIOUSLY-[211][193][214][197]D
360 [153]"PROGRAM INTO MEMORY FROM DISK.":[141]1200
361 [153]"   (null)ELL, IT'S THAT TIME AGAIN.  (null)IME
362 PRINT"FOR A SHORT QUIZ TO CHECK UP ON "
363 PRINT"CONCEPTS TAUGHT THIS LESSON.  [193]S "
364 PRINT"USUAL THE QUESTIONS ARE EITHER TRUE-"
365 PRINT"FALSE OR MULTIPLE-CHOICE.  [217]OUR "
366 PRINT"POSSIBLE ANSWERS WILL BE HILIGHTED IN"
367 PRINT"REVERSE[146].  [202]UST PRESS THE CORRECT KEY.":GOSUB1200
370 PRINT"1.  [194]EFORE YOU CAN USE A NEW, BLANK
371 [153]"DISK, YOU MUST FIRST:
372 PRINT"    [193] [146]  [201]NITIALIZE IT,
373 [153]"    PEEK WAIT  ASCORMAT IT,
374 PRINT"    [195] [146]  [206]AME AND [201][196] IT, OR
375 [153]"    STR$ WAIT  PEEKOTH PEEK AND LEN.
376 GOSUB1300:A$="[196]":W1$="[193]":W2$="[194]":W3$="[195]":GOSUB1800
377 PRINT"[193] NEW DISK MUST BE"
378 PRINT"FORMATTED AND GIVEN A NAME AND [201][196].":GOSUB1205
380 PRINT"2.  [212]O FORMAT A NEW DISK AND GIVE IT
381 [153]"A NAME AND RIGHT$STR$ FROM LEN(null)(null)ATN(null), TYPE:
382 PRINT"    [193] [146]  [207][208][197][206] 15,8,15,"Q$"[206]0:DISKNAME,ID"Q$
383 PRINT"    [194] [146]  [208][193][211][211] "Q$"[206]0:DISKNAME,ID"Q$
384 PRINT"    [195] [146]  [198][207][210][205][193][212] 0,"Q$"DISKNAME"Q$","Q$"ID"Q$
385 PRINT"    [196] [146]  [206]ONE OF THE ABOVE.
386 [141]1300:A$[178]"PEEK":W2$[178]"STR$":[141]1800:[153]"LEN(null)(null)ATN(null)'S '(null)ATN(null)(null)' STATEMENT
387 PRINT"IS USED TO PASS [206]<EW>, OR ANY OTHER
388 [153]"DISK DRIVE COMMAND TO THE DRIVE.":[141]1205
390 [153]"3.  ATN DISK USUALLY NEEDS TO BE (null)VAL(null)ED
391 PRINT"ONLY ONCE.  [212]HE [195][207][205][193][204] PROGRAM IN "
392 PRINT"MEMORY CAN BE WRITTEN TO A DISK WITH"
393 PRINT"SUFFICIENT ROOM BY USING:
394 [153]"    ATN WAIT  THE '(null)ATN(null)VAL'CLOSECOMMAND,
395 PRINT"    [194] [146]  THE '[215][210][201][212][197]' COMMAND,
396 [153]"    LEN WAIT  THE '(null)(null)(null)(null)VAL' COMMAND, OR
397 PRINT"    [196] [146]  THE '[212][193][203][197][160][212][200][193][212]!' COMMAND.
398 [141]1300:A$[178]"ATN":W1$[178]"PEEK":[141]1800:[153]"(null)HE '(null)ATN(null)VAL' COMMAND WRITES,
399 PRINT"OR SAVES, A [195][207][205][193][204] PROGRAM.":GOSUB1205
400 PRINT"4.  [212]O CLEAR THE [195][207][205][193][204][160]PROGRAM MEMORY
401 [153]"SPACE, USE:
402 PRINT"    [193] [146]  THE '[195][204][197][193][210]' COMMAND.
403 [153]"    PEEK WAIT  THE 'VAL(null)ATN(null)VAL'CLOSECOMMAND.
404 PRINT"    [195] [146]  THE '[206][197][215]' COMMAND, OR
405 [153]"    STR$ WAIT  THE 'LENATN(null)' COMMAND.
406 GOSUB1300:A$="[195]":W3$="[193]":GOSUB1800:PRINT"[212]HE [206][197][215][160]COMMAND CLEARS THE
407 [153]"LEN(null)(null)ATN(null)CLOSEPROGRAM SPACE, USUALLY SO YOU
408 PRINT"CAN START TYPING IN A [206][197][215] PROGRAM.":GOSUB1205
410 PRINT"5.  [212]O FIND OUT WHAT IS ON A DISK,
411 [153]"JUST USE:
412 PRINT"    [193] [146]  THE '[204][201][211][212]' COMMAND,
413 [153]"    PEEKCLOSEWAIT  THE '(null)ATN(null)(null)CLOSE"Q$"$"Q$"' COMMAND,
414 PRINT"    [195] [146]  THE '[206][197][215]' COMMAND, OR
415 [153]"    STR$ WAIT  THE 'LENATN(null)' COMMAND.
416 GOSUB1300:A$="[196]":W2$="[195]":GOSUB1800:PRINT"[212]O SEE WHAT IS ON THE DISK
417 [153]"YOU HAVE TO LOOK AT ITS LENATN(null)ALOG.  (null)HE
418 PRINT"[195][207][205][193][204][160]'[195][193][212]' COMMAND DISPLAYS SAID "
419 PRINT"[195][193][212]ALOG.":GOSUB1205
420 PRINT"6.  [212]O RETRIEVE A [195][207][205][193][204] PROGRAM THAT
421 [153]"WAS (null)ATN(null)VALD TO DISK, USE:
422 PRINT"    [193] [146]  THE '[197][206][212][197][210]' COMMAND,
423 [153]"    PEEK WAIT  THE '(null)(null)STR$'CLOSECOMMAND,
424 PRINT"    [195] [146]  THE '[204][207][193][196]' COMMAND, OR
425 [153]"    STR$ WAIT  THE 'CHR$VAL(null)CLOSERIGHT$(null)CLOSELEFT$VAL(null)VAL!' COMMAND.
426 GOSUB1300:A$="[195]":W2$="[196]":GOSUB1800:PRINT"[217]OU [204][207][193][196] A PROGRAM INTO
427 [153]"MEMORY THAT WAS (null)ATN(null)VALD TO DISK!":[141]1205
430 [153]"7.  (null)HICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A LEGAL
431 PRINT"FILE NAME?
432 [153]"    ATN WAIT  'LEN.(null)LEFT$ATN(null)CLOSEATNCLOSE(null)(null)(null)CHR$(null)ATN(null)!'
433 PRINT"    [194] [146]  '[195][207][205][193][204][160][208][210][199][160]#1'
434 [153]"    LEN WAIT  '#1 LEN(null)(null)ATN(null)CLOSE(null)(null)CHR$'
435 PRINT"    [196][160][146]  '[195][207][205][193][204][160][208][210][199], [206][207]. 1'
436 [141]1300:A$[178]"PEEK":W1$[178]"LEN":[141]1800:[153]"(null)EMEMBER, A FILE NAME CAN
437 PRINT"[206][207][212][160]HAVE MORE THAN 16 CHARACTERS (LIKE
438 [153]"ATN), START WITH '#' OR '$'CLOSE(LIKE LEN) NOR
439 PRINT"CONTAIN ,[146], =[146], ?[146], OR *[146] (LIKE [196]).
440 [141]1205
445 [153]"8.  '* LEN(null)(null)ATN(null)CLOSE(null)(null)(null)ASCASCCLOSE*' IS A LEGAL DISK
446 PRINT"NAME, BUT AN ILLEGAL FILE NAME.
447 [153]"    (null) WAITRUE OR  ASC WAITALSE?
448 GOSUB1300:A$="[212]":W1$="[198]":W2$="[198]":W3$="[198]":GOSUB1800
449 PRINT"[212]HE CHARACTERS ?[146] AND *[146]
450 [153]"ARE OKAY IN DISK NAMES, BUT ILLEGAL IN
451 PRINT"FILE NAMES.":GOSUB1205
455 PRINT"9.  [201]T IS IN YOUR BEST INTERESTS TO
456 [153]"GIVE EACH DISK YOU FORMAT THE SAME RIGHT$STR$.
457 PRINT"    [212] [146]RUE OR  [198] [146]ALSE
458 [141]1300:A$[178]"ASC":W1$[178]"(null)":W2$[178]"(null)":W3$[178]"(null)":[141]1800
459 [153]"(null)HE RIGHT$STR$CLOSEIS WHAT THE DRIVE
460 PRINT"USES TO SEE IF YOU HAVE THE SAME DISK
461 [153]"IN THE DRIVE BEFORE (null)ATN(null)VALING OR OTHER
462 PRINT"WRITING.  [201]F TWO [201][196]'S ARE THE SAME,
463 [153]"THE DRIVE MIGHT WRITE OVER SPACE THAT
464 PRINT"WAS FREE ON THE [207][212][200][197][210] DISK!":GOSUB1205
465 PRINT"10.  [212]HE '[195].' OF '[195].[195][197][204][211][201][213][211][160]#1', OUR
466 [153]"PROGRAM'S FILE NAME, TELLS THE DRIVE
467 PRINT"THAT IT IS A [195][207][205][193][204] PROGRAM.
468 [153]"    (null)CLOSEWAITRUE OR  ASC WAITALSE?
469 GOSUB1300:GOSUB1800:PRINT"[201]T TELLS [213][211][160]THAT IT IS A
470 [153]"LEN(null)(null)ATN(null) PROGRAM, WHEN WE READ THE"
471 [153]"LENATN(null)ALOG.  (null)HE DISK DRIVE DOESN'T NEED"
472 [153]"TO KNOW!":[141]1205
550 [153]"   (null)HAT IS ALL FOR THIS ISSUE.  (null)F THE
551 PRINT"10 QUESTIONS IN OUR LITTLE QUIZ, YOU
552 [153]"ANSWERED"SC%"CORRECTLY.
553 IFSC%<10THEN560
554 PRINT"   [201][160]KNOW A PERFECT SCORE WHEN [201] SEE
555 [153]"ONE!  (null)OU ARE DEFINITELY READY FOR
556 PRINT"NEXT ISSUE'S LESSON!":GOTO600
560 IFSC%<7THEN570
561 PRINT"   [217]OU DID RATHER WELL!  [201] SUGGEST YOU
562 [153]"OBTAIN A COPY OF LEN(null)(null)ATN(null) 0.14 (IF YOU
563 PRINT"DO NOT HAVE ONE ALREADY) AND PRACTICE
564 [153]"THE CONCEPTS TAUGHT THIS LESSON.  (null)OU
565 PRINT"WILL THEN BE READY FOR NEXT ISSUE'S
566 [153]"LESSON.":[137]600
570 [153]"   (null)OU DO NOT SEEM TO HAVE CAUGHT ON
571 PRINT"TO MANY OF THE CONCEPTS PRESENTED THIS
572 [153]"LESSON.  (null)E-TAKE THIS TUTORIAL, THEN":[137]562
600 [153]VT$(15)"CLR (null)RESS SPACE BAR TO RETURN TO (null)OADSTAR! ":[141]1300:[151]198,.:[146]198,1
601 [151]198,.:[141]1400:[151]V[170]33,.:[153]"LOADSTOPLOAD"Q$"HELLO"Q$",8":[153]"RUN"
605 [151]631,13:[151]632,13:[151]198,2
999 [128]:
1000 [151]V[170]33,1:[153]"LOAD LEN(null)(null)ATN(null)CLOSE0.14 (null)UTORIAL     RIGHT$NSTALLMENT #3"
1005 [153]"STOPORTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTAN^";:[129]I[178]1[164]12
1010 [153]"(null)                                      (null)";:[130]:
1015 [153]"/TANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANTANEXP
1020 PRINTVTAB$(14):FORI=1TO9:PRINT"                                        ";
1025 NEXT:GOSUB1050
1030 FORI=217TO242:POKEI,PEEK(I)OR128:NEXT:
1035 POKE1020,2:POKE1021,13:POKE1022,1:POKE1023,38:RETURN:
1050 PRINTVT$(24)"                                       [146]";           
1055 POKE2023,160:POKE56295,6:RETURN:
1100 GOSUB1160
1110 PRINTVT$(Y%-1):PRINTTAB(X%);:RETURN:
1150 X%=SX%:Y%=SY%:GOTO1110
1160 SX%=PEEK(211):SY%=PEEK(214):RETURN:
1200 GOSUB1300
1205 PRINTVT$(14):PRINTTAB(3)"[129]  [208]RESS SPACE BAR FOR NEXT PAGE.  "
1210 POKE198,.:WAIT198,1:POKE198,.
1215 PRINTVT$(14):PRINTTAB(3)"                                  "
1220 GOTO1400
1300 POKE646,15:WAITR,C:WAITR,C:SYSCL:POKE646,12:WAITR,C:WAITR,C:SYSCL
1305 POKE646,11:WAITR,C:WAITR,C:SYSCL:POKE646,.:WAITR,C:WAITR,C:SYSCL:RETURN:
1400 POKE646,11:WAITR,C:WAITR,C:SYSCL:POKE646,12:WAITR,C:WAITR,C:SYSCL
1405 POKE646,15:WAITR,C:WAITR,C:SYSCL:WAITR,C:WAITR,C:SYSWI:RETURN:
1500 GOSUB1110:F%=-1:L%=PEEK(209)+256*PEEK(210)+PEEK(211):C%=PEEK(L%)
1505 POKEL%,-F%*(PEEK(L%)AND127)-(NOTF%)*(PEEK(L%)OR128):F%=NOTF%
1510 FORF=1TO48:GETK$:IFK$=""THENNEXT:GOTO1505
1512 IFK$="[160]"THENK$=" ":REM SHIFT-SPACE TO SPACE!
1515 F=256:NEXT:POKEL%,C%:IFK$>"@"ANDK$<"["THENK$=CHR$(ASC(K$)+128)
1520 RETURN:
1600 AX%=X%:AY%=Y%
1605 FORA=1TOLEN(A$)
1606 GOSUB1500:IFK$=MID$(A$,A,1)THENPRINT""K$;:POKE212,.:POKE216,.:X%=X%+1:NEXT:RETURN:
1607 IFK$=CHR$(13)THEN1606
1610 E=A:E$=MID$(A$,E,1):A=256:NEXT:
1615 PRINT"";:POKE212,1:POKE216,1:PRINTK$;:POKE212,.:POKE216,.:GOSUB1150
1620 POKEV+32,2:PRINT"[207][207][208][211]!  [217]OU MISSED THE [150] "E$"  KEY!":GOSUB1900:GOSUB1150
1625 POKEV+32,5:PRINT"[206]OW PRESS THE [153] [201][206][211][212]-[196][197][204]  KEY ONCE:  ":X%=AX%+E:Y%=AY%
1630 GOSUB1500:IFK$<>""THEN1630
1635 GOSUB1150:POKEV+32,14:PRINT"[154][206]OW FINISH TYPING![146]                    "
1640 AX%=AX%+E-1:X%=AX%:Y%=AY%:RETURN:
1700 POKE1020,16:POKE1021,24:POKE1022,.:POKE1023,39
1705 SYSSU:GOSUB1050:X%=.:Y%=24:GOTO1110:
1800 GOSUB1160
1805 X%=.:Y%=24:GOSUB1500:IFK$<>A$ANDK$<>W1$ANDK$<>W2$ANDK$<>W3$THEN1805
1810 GOSUB1035:GOSUB1150:PRINT:
1815 IFK$=A$THENPRINT" [195][207][210][210][197][195][212]! [146][144]  ";:SC%=SC%+1:RETURN:
1820 PRINT" [211]ORRY. [146][144]  ";:RETURN:
1900 FORP=1TO2048:NEXT:RETURN:
9000 DATA69,,79,,98,,,10,22,181,3,11,68,69,71,82,69,69,83,32,70,63,32,183,7,1
9005 DATA184,187,,20,22,7,2,4,1,2,,32,41,71,2,,5,2,,9,35,71,36,58,,30,25,95,4,1
9010 DATA100,103,3,3,70,32,61,101,103,4,2,100,103,3,1,67,101,96,97,16,252,175,,
9015 DATA16,247,175,,,9,70,65,82,69,78,72,69,73,84,7,67,69,76,83,73,85,83,,,-1